한국의 교육과정과 교실 수업의 큰 문제는 교육과정의 성취기준 분석과 설정, 성취기준 재구성, 단원 및 수업 목표의 설정, 평가 기준 및 방법, 평가 문항의 출제 및 채점, 루브릭의 작성 등에서 여전히 1956년에 제시된 Bloom 등의 교육목표분류학에 의존하고 있다는 점이다. 아직도 68년 전의 것을 사용하고 있는 형국이다. 1956년 이후로 학습자의 학습과 행동을 설명하는 이론들(주로 학습이론이나 심리이론 등)이 매우 다양하게 출현하였으며, 지금에도 매우 진전된 이론들(인지이론, 구성주의, 뇌기반 학습이론, 학습과학, 복잡계 접근, 신경과학 등)이 각광을 받고 있는 실정이다. 이제 1956년의 구체제를 넘어서야 할 시점이다. 교육목표분류학은 주지하다시피 주로 학습에 대한 행동주의(자들)의 입장에서 만들어진 것으로 많은 비판을 받고 있어서 이제 새로운 분류학이 등장하고 있다. 이 책은 교육과정-수업-평가를 혁신하고자 하는 교육자들에게 많은 혜택을 안겨줄 것으로 기대한다.
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Ⅰ. 신교육목표분류학의 대두
제1장 교육목표분류학의 필요성과 가치: Bloom의 분류학에 대한 개정의 필요성 ··········15
1. 교육목표분류학의 역사: Bloom의 분류학의 사용에 대한 간략한 역사 ·····················16
2. 과거 Bloom의 교육목표분류학: 요약 ········································21
3. 교육목표분류학의 가치 ························································26
제2장 Bloom의 교육목표분류학의 문제점 ············································29
1. 원리의 교육적 문제 ····························································31
2. 원리의 중립성 문제 ····························································31
3. 정보, 내용, 지식의 구분 ·······················································32
4. 유목의 구인타당도, 유목의 모호성, 위계의 비타당성 ·····················32
5. 유목의 변화 ·····································································33
6. 일차원적 단일성 ································································34
제3장 구 교육목표분류학에 대한 대응: 교육목표분류학에 대한 대안적 연구들 ·············37
1. 과거, 현재, 그리고 변화 ·······················································37
2. Bloom의 분류학에 대한 개정의 노력: 하나의 단서 ·······················40
3. 한국에서의 선행연구 ···························································44
Ⅱ. 신교육목표분류학의 이론과 다양한 버전
제4장 신교육목표분류학의 이론 ·························································49
1. 교육목표에 대한 새로운 관점 ·················································49
2. 신분류학의 이론적 기초: 인지 구성주의와 신행동 모형 ··················50
3. 다양한 교육목표분류학과 사례 ···············································53
제10장 Anderson의 분류학의 수업 실제 적용 ······································155
1. 지식 차원 ······································································155
2. 인지과정 차원 ·································································157
3. 활용의 실제 ····································································159
제11장 Hauenstein의 분류학의 수업 실제 적용 ····································193
1. 행동 영역 ······································································193
2. 인지적 영역 ····································································195
3. 정의적 영역 ····································································197
4. 심동적 영역 ····································································198
5. 활용의 실제 ····································································200
제12장 Marzano & Kendall의 분류학(Ⅰ)의 수업의 실제 적용 ··················205
1. 지식 영역 ······································································205
2. 처리 수준 ······································································206
3. 활용의 실제 ····································································208
제13장 Marzano & Kendall의 분류학(Ⅱ)의 수업 실제 적용 ····················231
1. 인출 ·············································································232
2. 이해 ·············································································235
3. 분석 ·············································································237
4. 지식 활용 ······································································242
5. 메타인지 체제 ·································································246
6. 자기 체제 ······································································250
제14장 암기, 이해, 발견의 분류학과 실천 ············································255
1. 암기 ·············································································256
2. 이해 ·············································································261
3. 발견 ·············································································274
4. 교과별 문항과 목표 ···························································285
제15장 미래 학습성과 분류학과 실천: 초교과적 학습성과를 중심으로 ···········311
1. 교육에서 계획적 변화의 대상으로서 인간 행동 영역과 수준: Hauenstein 분류 틀의 재구성 ··············································311
2. 초교과적 학습 성과의 정의 ··················································317
3. 학습목표 유형: McTighe(2013) 연구 기반 ·······························319
4. 수행 영역 및 수행 지표 ······················································322
5. 범교과적 학습 성과(효과)에 대한 평가 ·····································327
6. 초석 과제 ······································································328
Ⅳ. 교육과정 실천의 혁신 적용
제16장 백워드 설계의 적용 ······························································345
1. 백워드 설계의 특징과 단계 ··················································345
2. 백워드 설계와의 관련성 ······················································349
3. 백워드 설계의 적용 ···························································352
제18장 IB의 적용 ·········································································379
1. IB 프로그램의 유형과 특징 ··················································379
2. IB 프로그램과의 관련성 ······················································392
3. IB에의 적용 ····································································401
Ⅴ. 교육과정과 교사 전문성
제19장 교육과정 재구성 ··································································417
1. 교육과정 성취기준의 심화 및 재구성 ······································417
2. 단원 설계 ······································································418
3. 교육과정 매핑: 장기적 전이 목표를 지향하는 3세대 매핑 ··············419
제20장 수업 설계의 전환 ································································423
1. 수업 설계의 조건 ·····························································423
2. 수업 목표 진술 ································································424
제22장 교육과정-수업-평가(-기록)의 연계성: 초교과적 교육효과를 중심으로 ············431
1. 대두 배경 ······································································431
2. 이론적 중요성 ·································································432
3. 학교 현장의 현황과 문제점 ··················································437
4. 교과 적용 방안 ································································439
제23장 신교육목표분류학 활성화: 행동 유목 고도화로 심층적 학습 전환 ···················445
1. 학교 교육과정 개발의 도입 가능성 ·········································445
2. 수업과 평가의 변화 가능성 ··················································446
3. 신행동분류학 활성화 ··························································447
경북대학교 사범대학 교육학과를 졸업하고 동대학원에서 교육과정 및 수업방법 전공으로 석·박사학위를 취득하였다. University of Wisconsin-Madison에서 Post-Doc. 과정을 이수했으며 Department of Curriculum and Instruction에서 연구원(Honorary Fellow)을 역임하였다. 한국대학교육 협의회 고등교육연구소 선임연구원, 순천대학교 교수를 거쳐 교육부 정책자 문 위원, 대학설립심사위원, 교육부 고등학교 교육과정 심의위원 및 위원장 등으로 활 동하였다. 현재 경북대학교 교육학과 교수로 재직 중이며, 한국 교육학회 및 한국교 육과정학회 부회장, 한국내러티브 교육학회 회장을 맡고 있다.
경북대학교 사범대학 교육학과를 졸업하고 동대학원에서 교육과정 및 수업방법 전공으로 석·박사학위를 취득하였다. University of Wisconsin-Madison에서 Post-Doc. 과정을 이수했으며 Department of Curriculum and Instruction에서 연구원(Honorary Fellow)을 역임하였다. 한국대학교육 협의회 고등교육연구소 선임연구원, 순천대학교 교수를 거쳐 교육부 정책자 문 위원, 대학설립심사위원, 교육부 고등학교 교육과정 심의위원 및 위원장 등으로 활 동하였다. 현재 경북대학교 교육학과 교수로 재직 중이며, 한국 교육학회 및 한국교 육과정학회 부회장, 한국내러티브 교육학회 회장을 맡고 있다.