지역개발에 대한 논의가 학술적 차원뿐만 아니라 정책적 차원에서 주목받은 지도 벌써 반세기가 지났다. 지역의 자생적 경쟁력을 높여서 글로벌경제 흐름과 지방화 추세에 능동적으로 대처해야 한다는 공감대가 형성된 것 역시 벌써 수십 년이 흘렀다. AI(인공지능)와 빅데이터, 사물인터넷 등이 전통적 산업기술과 결합해서 고부가가치를 창출하는 4차 산업혁명 역시 어느 날 우리 앞에 나타났다. 특히 AI 기술의 엄청난 발전 속도는 관련 전문가들의 예상조차 뛰어넘고 있다. AI 기술이 다른 산업기술과 생산역량, 그리고 더 나아가서 사람들의 일상생활에 어떤 영향을 미칠지 예상하기 어려운 상황이다. 우리가 원하든 원치 않든 이와 같은 흐름과 기술 발전은 지역경제와 지역산업, 지역 노동력 및 인구구조, 사람들의 생각 및 생활방식까지 변화시켜 갈 것이다. 이와 같은 흐름과 기술 발전과정에 제대로 대처하지 못하는 지역은 쇠퇴하고, 나아가 지역주민들의 발전 의지까지 꺾는 악순환의 흐름에 빠져들게 될 것이다. 그리고 그와 같은 악순환 과정은 궁극적으로 해당 지역뿐만 아니라 국가의 장래에도 어두운 그림자를 드리우게 할 것이다.
지역개발의 목표는 지역의 자생적 경쟁력을 키워 글로벌경제 흐름에 대처하고, 지방화 흐름에 능동적으로 부응하며 지역주민들의 삶의 활력을 높여가는 것이다. 더 나아가서, 지역주민의 삶의 질 개선을 통해 국가 발전에 기여하는 것이 지역개발의 핵심적 지향점이다. 지역산업 정책에서 자유방임적 시장경제원리의 결과가 사회적 최적(social optimum)과 일치하지 않을 가능성이 높다. 지역산업 정책에서 자유방임적 시장메커니즘이 아닌 정부의 개입을 통한 현상 개선 여지가 상당 부분 존재한다. 물론 지역정책의 중요성이 지역산업 정책에 한정되는 것은 아니다. 다양한 부문별 지역정책이 중요하다. 그렇다고 해서 모든 지역문제에 정책적 해결방안이 능사가 아니라는 것 역시 분명하다. 시장의 적절한 역할과 그 범위에 대한 논의 역시 필요함을 부인할 수 없다. 지역개발 논의의 핵심 쟁점은 크게 공간흐름, 공간구조, 공간정책으로 구분할 수 있다. 이 핵심 쟁점들이 오래전 이 책을 처음 집필할 때부터 담고자 했던 책의 핵심 내용이다.
제 3 개정판을 낸 지 벌써 8년이 흘렀다. 새로운 변화 흐름을 수용하고, 내용상 다소 진부한 부분들을 수정하고 보완할 때가 되었다. 제 3 개정판을 낼 때부터 저자들은 특정 시공간에 국한되지 않는 내용 위주로 기술하고자 노력했다. 그리고 새로운 흐름에 부응해야 하지만, 아울러 기본에 충실해야 한다고 생각했다. 새로운 사회적 이슈를 반영하되 특정 공간에 한정될 수밖에 없는 각종 통계자료는 최대한 삭제하거나 정리했다. 핵심 쟁점 관련 이론과 정책 논의 위주로 편집했다. 다만, 복합적 지역 문제들에 대한 접근 및 해결방안 모색은 현상에 대한 이해 위주로 한정되어서는 안 될 것이다. 문제의 원인에 대한 성찰을 통한 창조적 해결방안으로 나아가야 한다. 창조적 해결방안이 절실하다는 것을 인지하고 있지만, 저자들의 역량 부족으로 이번 개정판을 통해 얼마나 이 책의 내용이 개선되었는지 장담할 수 없다. 앞으로도 부족한 부분은 계속 수정하고 보완할 예정이다.
출판 여건이 만만치 않음에도 불구하고 반듯한 제 4 개정판이 세상에 나올 수 있도록 중요한 역할을 맡아 준 박영사 편집부 사윤지 선생님과 표지 디자인을 맡아 준 벤스토리 직원 여러분, 그 외 여러분께 감사의 말씀을 전한다.
Contents
제 1 편 지역개발의 의의
제 1 장 지역개발의 개념과 지역문제
제1절 지역개발의 개념··········································· 3
1. 지역이란 무엇인가················································3
2. 지역개발의 의미··················································7
3. 유사용어와의 구별················································9
제2절 지역문제·················································12
1. 지역문제의 개념·················································13
2. 지역문제의 원인·················································13
3. 전형적인 문제지역···············································15
? 연습문제····································································· 17
제 2 장 지역개발의 학문적 성격과 범위
제1절 지역개발의 배경··········································18
1. 도시문제의 등장·················································18
2. 지역불균형 현상·················································19
3. 자연자원의 개발 필요성··········································19
4. 국가주도적 경제개발의 추진······································19
제2절 지역개발의 학문적 성격···································19
1. 종 합 성·························································20
2. 응 용 성·························································21
3. 공 간 성·························································21
제3절 지역개발의 연구범위······································22
1. 전통적 연구범위·················································22
2. 최근 연구범위···················································24
제4절 지역개발의 구성요소······································25
제5절 지역개발의 이념··········································26
1. 효 율 성·························································26
2. 합 법 성·························································26
3. 민 주 성·························································27
4. 형 평 성·························································27
5. 대 응 성·························································27
6. 자 치 성·························································28
7. 환 경 성·························································28
8. 협 력 성·························································28
? 연습문제····································································· 29
제 2 편 지역의 공간구조에 대한 이론
제 3 장 공간흐름과 지역공간구조
제1절 공간흐름과 지역공간구조 : 공간구조분석의 이론적 틀······33
제2절 인구이동과 정주패턴······································35
1. 인구이동························································35
2. 정주패턴························································37
제3절 투자와 경제활동의 입지패턴·······························38
1. 1차 산업의 입지··················································38
2. 2차 산업의 입지··················································40
3. 3차 산업의 입지··················································47
4. 4차 산업의 입지··················································51
제4절 의사결정과 권력의 공간구조·······························52
제5절 쇄신의 확산과 사회·문화적 공간패턴······················53
1. 쇄신확산의 의의·················································53
2. 쇄신확산의 공간적 특성과 시간적 특성····························54
3. 쇄신의 확산유형·················································56
4. 쇄신확산의 지역정책적 시사······································59
? 연습문제····································································· 60
제 4 장 도 시 화
제1절 도시화의 의의············································61
1. 도시화의 개념···················································61
2. 도시화의 원인···················································62
제2절 도시화의 진행패턴과 추세·································63
1. 도시화의 진행패턴···············································63
2. 도시화 추세·····················································65
제3절 도시화의 특징과 문제점···································67
1. 대도시권의 외연적 확산··········································67
2. 종주도시화· ·····················································68
3. 가도시화························································68
? 연습문제····································································· 69
제 5 장 정주체계
제1절 정주체계의 의의··········································70
제2절 도시와 농촌의 공간구조···································71
1. 도시의 공간구조·················································71
2. 농촌의 공간구조·················································73
제3절 도시의 계층··············································74
제4절 도시의 규모··············································75
1. 순위규모분포····················································76
2. 도시의 적정규모·················································78
? 연습문제····································································· 81
제 6 장 지역성장의 이론 : 전통적 시각
제1절 지역성장이론의 의의······································82
제2절 수출기반이론·············································83
1. 모 형··························································84
2. 수출기반이론의 장점·············································85
3. 수출기반이론의 문제점···········································85
제3절 신고전이론···············································87
제4절 불균형이론···············································89
제5절 지역성장과 대도시의 성장관리····························90
? 연습문제····································································· 93
제 7 장 지역성장의 이론 : 비판적 시각
제1절 다양한 비판적 시각들·····································94
1. 중심과 주변관계론(center-periphery model)···················· 94
2. 마르크스주의 접근···············································99
3. 신개발론······················································ 101
제2절 비판적 시각의 적용······································105
1. 낙후지역······················································ 105
2. 도시토지이용에 대한 자본논리론································ 107
? 연습문제····································································109
제 3 편 지역개발의 전략
제 8 장 지역개발전략의 개관
제1절 지역개발전략의 의의·····································113
제2절 지역개발전략의 성격·····································115
1. 지역개발전략의 수립배경······································· 115
2. 지역개발전략의 성격··········································· 115
제3절 지역개발전략의 유형·····································116
1. 하향식 개발전략··············································· 116
2. 상향식 개발전략··············································· 117
제4절 지역개발전략의 한계·····································118
? 연습문제····································································119
제 9 장 성장거점전략
제1절 성장거점전략의 의의·····································120
1. 기본개념······················································ 121
2. 성장거점의 필요성············································· 124
제2절 성장거점도시의 선택기준과 활성화 방안··················125
1. 선택기준······················································ 125
2. 활성화 방안··················································· 127
제3절 성장거점전략의 평가·····································128
1. 긍정적인 면··················································· 128
2. 문 제 점······················································· 128
? 연습문제····································································130
제10장 기본욕구전략
제1절 기본욕구의 의의·········································131
1. 기본욕구의 개념··············································· 132
2. 기본욕구의 유형··············································· 133
제2절 기본욕구의 내용과 전략··································134
1. 기본욕구의 내용··············································· 134
2. 기본욕구의 전략··············································· 136
제3절 기본욕구전략의 활용과정································137
1. 기본욕구의 확인 및 측정······································· 137
2. 기본욕구의 분석 및 평가······································· 139
3. 기본욕구를 위한 계획 수립····································· 140
4. 정책집행······················································ 141
제4절 기본욕구이론에 대한 비판································142
1. 가정(假定)에 관련된 비판······································ 142
2. 순진성과 유토피아성에 관련된 비판····························· 143
? 연습문제····································································144
제11장 대도시권의 성장관리전략
제1절 대도시권 성장관리의 의의································145
제2절 대도시 인구분산을 위한 접근방법·························146
1. 지역 내 분산과 지역 간 분산 · ·································· 147
2. 인구이동촉진을 통한 접근방법과 자본이동촉진을 통한 접근방법························· 148
제3절 수도권의 성장관리전략··································149
1. 수도권문제· ··················································· 149
2. 수도권문제를 보는 두 가지 시각································ 150
3. 우리나라 수도권정책의 변천···································· 151
제4절 광역도시권 개발전략····································157
1. 광역도시권 개발의 의의········································ 157
2. 광역도시시설의 유형··········································· 158
3. 광역도시체제의 운영방식······································· 160
4. 광역도시권 개발의 문제점과 발전과제··························· 163
제5절 개발제한구역제도·······································167
1. 개발제한구역의 의의··········································· 167
2. 개발제한구역의 연혁··········································· 167
3. 우리나라 개발제한구역제도의 도입배경과 개발제한구역 지정현황························· 168
? 연습문제····································································169
제12장 낙후지역개발전략
제1절 낙후지역개발의 의의·····································170
1. 농촌개발의 개념··············································· 170
2. 농촌개발의 기본요소··········································· 171
3. 농촌개발의 측정지표··········································· 173
4. 농촌 및 농업의 기능············································ 173
제2절 농촌개발정책············································175
1. 농촌개발정책의 필요성········································· 175
2. 농촌개발정책의 요소··········································· 177
3. 농촌개발정책의 종류··········································· 178
제3절 농촌개발전략············································182
1. 성장지향적 전략··············································· 182
2. 복지지향적 전략··············································· 183
3. 대응적 전략··················································· 183
4. 통합적 또는 전체적 전략······································· 184
제4절 오지낙후지역의 개발·····································184
1. 오지(奧地)낙후지역개발의 의의································· 184
2. 오지낙후지역의 개발방향······································· 185
? 연습문제····································································187
제13장 지역혁신전략
제1절 지역혁신전략의 의의·····································188
1. 지역혁신전략의 개념··········································· 189
2. 지역혁신전략의 필요성········································· 190
3. 지역혁신전략에 대한 오해······································ 191
제2절 지역혁신전략과 지역혁신체계····························193
1. 지역혁신체계의 개념··········································· 193
2. 지역혁신체계의 성격··········································· 194
3. 지역혁신체계와 사회적 자본···································· 197
제3절 지역혁신전략의 정책적 함의······························199
? 연습문제····································································200
제 4 편 지역개발과 재정
제14장 지역개발 재정체계
제1절 지역개발 재원조달방안··································203
제2절 중앙정부로부터의 재원조달······························204
1. 지방교부세· ··················································· 204
2. 국고보조금제도················································ 206
제3절 지방자치단체의 자체재원조달····························208
1. 지 방 세······················································· 208
2. 세외수입······················································ 211
3. 지 방 채······················································· 214
4. 지역개발기금·················································· 219
? 연습문제····································································220
제15장 지역개발과 민간자본
제1절 지역개발의 의의·········································221
1. 재원조달의 기본방향··········································· 222
2. 민간부문의 활용을 통한 재원조달······························· 224
제2절 민자유치················································225
1. 민자유치의 기본방향··········································· 226
2. 민자유치의 추진절차··········································· 227
3. 민자유치의 활성화 방안········································ 228
4. 민자유치에 있어서 고려사항···································· 229
? 연습문제····································································230